CFCL Investment regulation – Malta
Reference
Holding restrictions
Disclaimer
The information contained in the Holding Restrictions is based on the legal opinion obtained by CBL that was issued on 24 August 2021. CFCL believes the information to be correct as of that date but disclaims any responsibility as to the accuracy and completeness of the information after that date. In the case of discrepancy between the information provided by CFCL and the local laws and regulations, the latter shall prevail. The Holding Restrictions do not constitute legal advice and clients should seek advice from independent professional counsel.
Clients are responsible for ensuring compliance with the holding restrictions and agree to indemnify and hold harmless, CFCL, for any loss, expense, liability, damage or claims, whether direct or indirect, against or incurred by CFCL arising out of or resulting from such non-compliance.
Holding restrictions – Register Market - Malta
Market restriction
Unless the investment fund’s statute, investment deed or similar, recognizes trustees or nominees, generally the investment fund will be entitled to treat the registered share or unit holder as the absolute owner of those shares or units, instead of treating the ultimate beneficial owner as such.
Restrictions on clients
No general restrictions on client residency for holdings held through CFCL.
However, certain funds may impose specific restrictions on investor domicile. Clients must refer to and abide by the restrictions (if any) contained in the fund prospectus and the Malta law before entering into transactions.
Restrictions on settlement
There is no general restriction on settlement on Malta investment funds through CFCL. However, certain funds may impose specific settlement/transfer restrictions. Clients must refer to and abide by the restrictions (if any) contained in the fund prospectus before entering into transactions.
Additionally, subject to the terms of the fund documentation, CFCL as the registered unit/share holder in the Maltese investment fund will be vested with all rights incumbent on registered unit/shareholders generally.
Transfers in terms of change in nominee account name would constitute a transfer of shares/units in the investment fund. As CFCL is the legal owner of the shares/units, such transfer is possible, however it is subject to the requirements and restrictions of the fund documentation and may require a written transfer agreement (in the case of shares – notarial deeds not needed) and/or adherence agreements.
Transfer in terms of change in beneficial owner will likely trigger know-your-client requirements because of the change in ultimate beneficial owner.
CFCL would likely have the right to act in court, but CFCL will have to act in its own name.
Disclosure requirements
Introductory information and categories
This section provides general information about the disclosure requirements for fund securities holdings with which Clearstream Fund Centre must, according to the information available at the time of the present publication, comply with each of the domestic markets and fund markets covered by the Disclosure Requirements.
Fund securities that are held remotely are usually not disclosed by CFCL. A disclosure request received by CFCL regarding such a holding will be forwarded to the relevant client without assessing its validity and the CFCL Client shall handle the request on a voluntary basis.
Disclosure Requirements are only available for those countries where CFCL has a link to the respective domestic market or direct access to local domiciled funds that are held in Clearstream’s name on the register.
For fund securities holdings where CFCL has no such link or direct access to the register, clients must be aware that local laws might provide for mandatory disclosure. A disclosure request in this regard will be forwarded to clients without assessing its validity. Clients commit not to unreasonably withhold their consent to such a request and agree to indemnify CFCL for damages resulting directly from non-compliance with mandatory local disclosure requirements.
In most cases, the obligation to disclose is based on the domestic equivalent of a Companies Act, relevant investment funds act or anti-money laundering act and covers all security types.
In some instances, the obligation to disclose is based on stock exchange laws or regulations and only applies to listed domestic and foreign securities.
The Disclosure Requirements do not constitute legal advice and the Clients should seek independent professional advice in relation to fund securities deposited with CFCL, especially as, for those jurisdictions in which no disclosure obligation falls on CFCL, there may be separate disclosure requirements that apply directly to clients of CFCL, shareholders and beneficial owners.
Please note that CFCL is not always given comprehensive information or advised of changes affecting local disclosure requirements.
It remains the sole responsibility of the Client to ensure compliance with local disclosure requirements. If a requirement is not met, it is the Client who will be liable to any related penalty. Clients are therefore advised to seek independent legal advice on the existence and interpretation of local disclosure requirements.
In the case of a discrepancy between the general information contained in this document and the information provided by CFCL for a specific market, as applicable (irrespective of whether this information has been obtained from an agent of Clearstream Fund Centre, or, as the case may be, a foreign regulator of a branch of CFCL), the information provided by CFCL for the specific market as applicable, shall prevail.
N.B.: In all countries, if it is suspected that a disclosure obligation has been breached (for example, that a threshold of holdings under custody has been crossed without being reported), the regulators and the authorities may have the power to investigate. Moreover, in all countries, disclosure obligations might be triggered by enforceable judgements of the competent jurisdiction of the country in question.
Disclosure categories
Clearstream Fund Centre classifies disclosure scenarios according to the following market categories:
Category 1
Markets where disclosure by Clearstream Banking as a custodian of Clearstream Fund Centre to issuers, investment fund managers and/or to regulators or market authorities is mandatory under applicable law;
Category 2
Markets where disclosure by Clearstream Banking as a custodian of Clearstream Fund Centre of account holders to issuers, investment fund managers and/or foreign regulators or market authorities is a legal obligation in respect of securities in specific circumstances;
Category 3
Markets where there is no obligation for Clearstream Banking as custodian of Clearstream Fund Centre to disclose account holders to issuers, investment fund managers and/or regulators, notwithstanding any disclosure requirement falling directly on clients of Clearstream Fund Centre, shareholders and/or beneficial owners or notwithstanding disclosure necessary to obey an enforceable judgement of the country in question.
Disclosure requirements – Register Market - Malta
Disclosure Category: 2
Clearstream Fund Centre ("CFCL") may be required under the laws and regulations of Malta to disclose, upon request, the identity, information and holdings of CFCL clients and ultimate beneficial owners for holding investment funds in Malta.
Consent
In order to comply with the applicable legislation, clients with holdings in Malta investment funds or entering into transactions in the Malta market must consent and are hereby deemed to consent to the required legal disclosure. Such consent includes the appointment of the requester (for example, the Fund Manager, Transfer Agent, Regulator, Tax authority) as their attorney-in-fact, under power of attorney, to collect from CFCL the required information to be disclosed. Clients who do not grant such authority cannot hold such investment funds or financial instruments in their accounts with CFCL.
1. Background and legal basis
Prevention of Money Laundering Act (Cap. 373, laws of Malta).
Trusts and Trustees Act (Register of Beneficial Owners) Regulations (S.L. 331.10)
Companies Act (Register of Beneficial Owners) Regulations (S.L. 386.19)
Disclosure requirements
Sanctions and AML laws obligate Maltese investment funds to verify, on a continuous basis, the identity of CFCL and the ultimate beneficial owner of the shares/units. Further, under the Register of Beneficial Owner Regulations (transposition of the AMLD register of beneficiaries): (a) beneficial owners with more than 25% in a company (including an investment fund) must be notified to the company who will in turn be obliged to notify the Malta Business Registry (“MBR”) for inclusion in the register and (b) beneficiaries under a trust (e.g. a unit trust) will need to be notified to the Malta Financial Services Authority (“MFSA”) as holder of the register of beneficial owners in relation to trusts. Under the Companies Act, a company has the right to ask any registered shareholder for details of any beneficial owners of such shares.
Obligation to report threshold crossings
In relation to investment funds in corporate form, The Companies Act (Register of Beneficial Owners) Regulations require Maltese companies to report any beneficial owner holding or controlling 25% or more of the shares in the company.
Sanctions
If CFCL’s client and/or the ultimate beneficial owner does not cooperate with or provide the necessary AML documentation, (a) the investment fund may not accept CFCL as an investor on behalf of CFCL’s client or (b) the investment fund may in terms of its statute take more drastic action such as mandatorily redeem the investment.
The client undertakes to hold CFCL harmless and to indemnify CFCL from any loss, claim, liability or expense asserted against or imposed upon CFCL as a result of the customer failure, whatever the failure, to comply with these disclosure requests.
Disclaimer
The information contained in the Disclosure Requirements is based on the legal opinion obtained by CFCL that was issued on 24 August 2021. CFCL believes the information to be correct as of that date but disclaims any responsibility as to the accuracy and completeness of the information after that date. In the case of discrepancy between the information provided by CFCL and the local laws and regulations, the latter shall prevail. The Disclosure Requirements do not constitute legal advice and Clients should seek advice from independent professional counsel.
Clients are responsible for ensuring compliance with the disclosure requirements and agree to indemnify and hold harmless, CFCL, for any loss, expense, liability, damage, or claims, whether direct or indirect, against or incurred by CFCL arising out of or resulting from such non-compliance.